Indian Constitution Pdf In English
World's lengthiest written constitution had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of commencement. Now Constitution of India has 448 articles in 25 parts and 12 schedules. There are 103 amendments have been made in the Indian constitution so far.
The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Fourth Amendment) Bill, 2019 was introduced in Lok Sabha by the Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment, Mr. Thaawar Chand Gehlot on January 8, 2019. The Bill seeks to provide for the advancement of “economically weaker sections” of citizens.
Download the complete list of major amendments of Indian Constitution PDF in Hindi & English for UPSC, State PCS and other competitive.
The Parts of the Indian Constitution are given below:-
Parts | Subject Matter | Articles Covered |
|---|---|---|
I | The Union and its territory | 1 to 4 |
II | Citizenship | 5 to 11 |
III | Fundamental Rights | 12 to 35 |
IV | Directive Principles of State Policy | 36 to 51 |
IV-A | Fundamental Duties | 51-A |
V | The Union Government | 52 to 151 |
Chapter I - The Executive | 52 to 78 | |
Chapter II - Parliament | 79 to 122 | |
Chapter III - Legislative Powers of President
| 123 | |
Chapter IV - The Union Judiciary | 124 to 147 | |
Chapter V - Comptroller and Auditor-General of India | 148 to 151 | |
VI | The State Governments | 152 to 237 |
Chapter I - General | 152 | |
Chapter II - The Executive | 153 to 167 | |
Chapter III - The State Legislature | 168 to 212 | |
Chapter IV - Legislative Powers of Governor | 213 | |
Chapter V - The High Courts | 214 to 232 | |
Chapter VI - Subordinate Courts | 233 to 237 | |
VIII | The Union Territories | 239 to 242 |
IX | The Panchayats | 243 to 243-O |
IX-A | The Municipalities | 243-P to 243-ZG |
IX-B | The Co-operative Societies | 243-ZH to 243-ZT |
X | The Scheduled and Tribal Areas | 244 to 244-A |
XI | Relations between the Union and the States | 245 to 263 |
Chapter I - Legislative Relations | 245 to 255 | |
Chapter II - Administrative Relations | 256 to 263 | |
XII | Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits | 264 to 300-A |
Chapter I - Finance | 264 to 291 | |
Chapter II - Borrowing | 292 to 293 | |
Chapter III - Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits | 294 to 300 | |
Cpapter IV - Right to Property | 300-A | |
XIII | Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India | 301 to 307 |
XIV | Services under the Union and the States | 308 to 323 |
Chapter I - Services | 308 to 314 | |
Chapter II - Public Service Commissions | 315 to 323 | |
XIV-A | Tribunals | 323-A to 323-B |
XV | Elections | 324 to 329-A |
XVI | Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes | 330 to 342 |
XVII | Official Language | 343 to 351 |
Chapter I - Language of the Union | 343 to 344 | |
Chapter II - Regional Languages | 345 to 347 | |
Chapter III-Language of the Supreme Court, High Courts, and so on | 348 to 349 | |
Chapter IV-Special Directives | 350 to 351 | |
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XIX | Miscellaneous | 361 to 367 |
XX | Amendment of the Constitution | 368 |
XXI | Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions | 369 to 392 |
| XXII | Short title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals | 393 to 395 |
NOTE: Part VII ( dealing with Part - B states) was deleted by the 7th Amendment Act (1956). On the other hand, both Part IV - A and Part XIV - A were added by the 42nd Amendment Act (1976), while Part OX-A was added by the 74th Amendment Act (1992), and Part IX-B was added by the 97th Amendment Act (2011).
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The schedules of the Indian constitution are given below:-
Numbers | Subject Matter |
First Schedule | 1. Names of the States and their territorial jurisdiction. |
2. Names of the Union Territories and their extent. | |
Second Schedule | Provisions relating to the emoluments, allowances, privileges and so on of: |
1. The President of India | |
2. The Governors of States | |
3. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha | |
4. The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha | |
5. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in the states | |
6. The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council in the states | |
7. The Judges of the Supreme Court | |
8. The Judges of the High Courts | |
9. The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India | |
Third Schedule | Forms of Oaths or Affirmations for: |
1. The Union ministers | |
2. The candidates for election to the Parliament | |
3. The members of Parliament | |
4. The judges of the Supreme Court | |
5. The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India | |
6. The state ministers | |
7. The candidates for election to the state legislature | |
8. The members of the state legislature | |
9. The judges of the High Courts | |
Fourth Schedule | Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the states and the union territories. |
Fifth Schedule | Provisions relating to the administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes. |
Sixth Schedule | Provisions relating to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. |
Seventh Schedule | Division of powers between the Union and the States in terms of List I (Union List), List II (State List) and List III (Concurrent List). Presently, the Union List contains 100 subjects (originally 97), the state list contains 61 subjects (originally 66) and the concurrent list contains 52 subjects (originally 47). |
Eighth Schedule | Languages recognized by the Constitution. Originally, it had 14 languages but presently there are 22 languages. They are: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri (Dongri), Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Mathili (Maithili), Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. Sindhi was added by the 21st Amendment Act of 1967; Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were added by the 71 st Amendment Act of 1992; and Bodo, Dongri, Maithili and Santhali were added by the 92nd Amendment Act of 2003. |
Ninth Schedule | Acts and Regulations (originally 13 but presently 282) 19 of the state legislatures dealing with land reforms and abolition of the zamindari system and of the. Parliament dealing with other matters. This schedule was added by the 1st Amendment (1951) to protect the laws included in it from judicial scrutiny on the ground of violation of fundamental rights. However, in 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that the laws included in this schedule after April 24, 1973, are now open to judicial review. |
Tenth Schedule | Provisions relating to disqualification of the members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection. This schedule was added by the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985, also known as Anti-defection Law. |
Eleventh Schedule | Specifies the powers, authority and responsibilities ofPanchayats. It has 29 matters. This schedule was added by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992. |
Twelfth Schedule | Specifies the powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities. It has 18 matters. This schedule was added by the 74th Amendment Act of 1992. |
The Constitution of India is the supreme law in India. A Constitution is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a country. The constitution of India is the framework for political principles, procedures, and powers of the government. It is also the longest constitution in the world with 395 articles, 12 schedules. Originally it consisted of 395 Articles arranged under 22 Parts and 8 Schedules. Today after many amendments, it has 448 Article and 12 schedules and 25 parts. ( According to 2019) The constitution was written on 26 November 1949, and was made the center of law in 26 January 1950.
India had to face many problems after independence. Rehabilitating the refugees who migrated from Pakistan, merging the princely states, maintenance of law and order were the major challenges. Sardar Patel successfully achieved the merger of the princely states and provinces with the Union of India. Even the challenge of framing a constitution in order to enable govern the country was also fulfilled.
The recommendations of the Motilal Nehru Committee and the decisions taken by the meeting of National Congress at Karachi prepared for the formation of a Constituent Assembly.
The first meeting of the new Constituent Assembly was conducted on 9th of December, 1946. The next meeting conducted in 11th of December, 1946 under the chairmanship of Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Participants included Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar(Dr. Bhim Rao Ambekar)and Sarojini Naidu. Dr. B.R Ambedkar, chairman of the Drafting Committee, is often called the father of the Indian Constitution.[1]
The 389 members of the Constituent Assembly formed many committees to examine in detail all the issues relating to the country. Dr.B.R.Ambedkar was the Chairman of one of the most important committees, i.e., the Drafting Committee. Other members of the committee were N.Gopalaswamy Iyengar, Alladi Krishnaswamy etc.
The Constituent Assembly, which came into existence on 11th of December 1946, had 145 meetings and framed a draft constitution. During these discussions, the various laws proposed by the British Government in 1909, 1919 and 1935, the British Parliamentary system, the American Bill of Rights, the Social Directive Policies of Ireland were studied and some parts of those were written in the Constitution. Finally, the Indian Constitution was approved on 26th of November, 1949 and came into effect on 26th of January, 1950. This day (January 26) is celebrated as the 'Republic Day' in India.
Structure[changechange source]
Below is a list of all articles in chronological order of the constitution.
- Preamble
- Part I – Union and its Territory
- Part II – Citizenship.
- Part III – Fundamental Rights.
- Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy.
- Part IVA - Fundamental Duties.
- Part V – The Union.
- Part VI – The States.
- Part VII – States in the B part of the First schedule(Repealed).
- Part VIII – The Union Territories
- Part IX – The Panchayats.
- Part IXA - The Municipalities.
- Part X – The scheduled and Tribal Areas
- Part XI – Relations between the Union and the States.
- Part XII – Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits
- Part XIII – Trade and Commerce within the territory of India
- Part XIV – Services Under the Union, the States.
- Part XIVA - Tribunals.
- Part XV – Elections
- Part XVI – Special Provisions Relating to certain Classes.
- Part XVII – Languages
- Part XVIII – Emergency Provisions
- Part XIX – Miscellaneous
- Part XX – Amendment of the Constitution
- Part XXI – Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
- Part XXII – Short title, date of commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals
Related pages[changechange source]
References[changechange source]
- ↑'Do we really respect Dr Ambedkar or is it mere lip service?'. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015.